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This article is about the Indian city. For other uses, see Allahabad (disambiguation).
Prayag/à¤ªà¥à¤°à¤¯à¤¾à¤—

Allahabad
The City Of Prime Ministers
— metropolitan city —
The new Yamuna Bridge at Allahabad
Prayag/à¤ªà¥à¤°à¤¯à¤¾à¤—
Location of Prayag/à¤ªà¥à¤°à¤¯à¤¾à¤—
in Uttar Pradesh and India
Coordinates     25°27′N 81°51′Eï»¿ / ï»¿25.45°N 81.85°Eï»¿ / 25.45; 81.85Coordinates: 25°27′N 81°51′Eï»¿ / ï»¿25.45°N 81.85°Eï»¿ / 25.45; 81.85
Country     India
State     Uttar Pradesh
District(s)     Allahabad
Mayor     Ch.Jitendra Nath Singh
Population

• Density
    5,959,798[1] (2011[update])

• 94,495 /km2 (244,741 /sq mi)
Sex ratio     901 â™‚/â™€
Time zone     IST (UTC+05:30)
Area

• Elevation
    63.07 km2 (24 sq mi)

• 98 metres (322 ft)
Codes[show]

    *
      • Pincode     • 211001-05
      • Telephone     • +91-532
      • Vehicle     • UP-70

Allahabad([ÉªlÉ‘hÉ‘bÉ‘dÌª]), or Settled by God in Persian, is a one of the main holy cities of Hinduism. It was renamed by the Mughal emperor Akbar from the original (still unofficially used) native name of Prayag, . It is located in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, lying some 205 kilometres (127 mi) south of the state capital, Lucknow. It is the administrative headquarters of the Allahabad District.The ancient name of the city is Prayag (Sanskrit for "place of sacrifice"), as it is believed to be the spot where Brahma offered his first sacrifice after creating the world. It is one of four sites of the mass Hindu pilgrimage Kumbh Mela, the others being Haridwar, Ujjain and Nashik. It has a position of importance in Hindu scriptures for it is situated at Triveni Sangam, the confluence of the holy rivers Ganges and Yamuna, and the ancient Sarasvati River.[2]

Many government offices of both central and state government are present in the city, such as the Allahabad High Court, the Principal Accountant General Office (AG office), the Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission Office, Uttar Pradesh Police Head Quarters (PHQ), headquarters of the North Central Railway, the regional office of the Central Board of Secondary Education and the Uttar Pradesh Board of High School and Intermediate Education, Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Seva Chayan Board Allahabad, Principal Controller of Defence Accounts (Pensions) Allahabad, etc. Allahabad is also home of India's 4th oldest university, AU and UP's single National Institutes of Technology

The Government of India has selected Allahabad as one of the mission cities for the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission, with the goals of improving urban infrastructure, efficient governance and basic services to urban citizens.[3]
Contents
[hide]

    * 1 History
    * 2 Geography
    * 3 Political History
    * 4 Demographics
    * 5 Climate
    * 6 Civic administration
    * 7 Cityscape
    * 8 Places
          o 8.1 Major Areas
    * 9 Kumbh Mela
    * 10 Architecture
    * 11 Transportation
          o 11.1 Air
          o 11.2 Road
          o 11.3 Train
    * 12 Education
    * 13 Schools
    * 14 Industries
    * 15 Media
          o 15.1 Arts and Theater
          o 15.2 Print Media
          o 15.3 Electronic Media
          o 15.4 Telecom Media
          o 15.5 Malls and multiplexes
    * 16 Notable people from Allahabad
    * 17 Neighbour Cities
    * 18 References
    * 19 External links

[edit] History
Main article: History of Allahabad
Mahatma Gandhi attends a Congress Working Committee meeting at Anand Bhavan, Allahabad. Vallabhbhai Patel is to his right, Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit to his left. January 1940.

The original native name of this city is Prayag (place of the confluences), representing the sacred union of the rivers Ganges, Yamuna and Saraswati. The name is still used by Indians to refer to the city. . Prayag and the district of Kaushambi are holy cities of Hinduism.

The area became a part of the Mauryan and Gupta empires of the east and the Kushan empire of the west before becoming part of the Kannauj empire. The Founder of Sikhism Guru Nanak Dev visited Allahabad, then known as Prayag. The Ninth Sikh Guru Tegh Bahadur visited Allahabad in 1666 to preach the Sikh religion.[citation needed]

Allahabad became a part of the Mughal Empire after the Mughal invasion of India in 1526. The Mughal emperor Akbar built a magnificent fort in Allahabad. The city was the scene of Maratha incursions before colonial rule was imposed over India.[citation needed]

In 1765, the British established a garrison at Fort Allahabad. In 1857, Allahabad was active in the Indian Mutiny.[citation needed]

The annual convention of the Indian National Congress was held on the extensive grounds of Darbhanga Castle, Allahabad in 1888 and 1892.[4][5]

The first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, was from Allahabad.
[edit] Geography
Surroundings of Allahabad, India.

Allahabad is at
WikiMiniAtlas
25°27′N 81°50′Eï»¿ / ï»¿25.45°N 81.84°Eï»¿ / 25.45; 81.84 in the southern part of Uttar Pradesh at an elevation of 98 metres (322 ft) and stands at the confluence of two rivers, the Ganges and Yamuna. The region was known in antiquity as the Vats country. To its south and southeast is the Bagelkhand region, to its east is the mid Ganges valley of North India, or Purvanchal, to its southwest is the Bundelkhand region, to its north and northeast is the Awadh region and to its west along with Kaushambi it forms the Lower Doab region.

Allahabad stands at a strategic point both geographically and culturally. An important part of the Ganges-Yamuna Doab region, it is the last point of the Yamuna River and is the last frontier of the Indian west.

The land of the Allahabad district that falls between the Ganges and Yamuna is just like the rest of Doab, fertile but not too moist, and is especially suitable for the cultivation of wheat. The non-Doabi (southern and eastern) part of the district, are somewhat similar to those of adjoining Bundelkhand and Bagelkhand regions: dry and rocky.

Allahabad is 343 km (213 mi) north of Jabalpur on the same longitude. Indian Standard Time is calculated on the basis of 82.5° E longitude, which is just west of the town of Mirzapur, near Allahabad.
    Raibareli     Pratapgarh     Jaunpur
Kaushambi         Sant Ravi Das Nagar(Bhadohi)
   Allahabad
Chitrakoot     Rewa     Mirzapur
[edit] Political History

Allahabad has always been represented by political heavyweights. There have been renowned figures like Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi, Lal Bahadur Shastri, V. P. Singh, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna, Amitabh Bachan, Murli Manohar Joshi, Rewati Raman Singh. Currently the constituency is represented by Rewti Raman Singh.
[edit] Demographics

As of 2011[update] Allahabad city had a population of 1,216,719.[1] It is the 32nd most populous city in India.[citation needed] The sex ratio was 888, and 12.4% of the population were under the age of 6.[1] The effective literacy rate was 78.29%.[1]

Hindi, Urdu and English are spoken in Allahabad. The dialect of Hindi spoken in Allahabad is Awadhi, although Khariboli is most commonly used in the city area. In the eastern non-Doabi part of Allahabad district Bagheli dialect is more common. Bengali and Punjabi are also spoken in some quarters.[citation needed]

All major religions are practised in Allahabad. Hindus comprise 86.81% and Muslims 12.72%. There are small groups of Christians, Sikhs and Buddhists with 0.18%, 0.13%, and 0.04% of the population, respectively.[citation needed]
[edit] Climate
Allahabad
Climate chart (explanation)
J     F     M     A     M     J     J     A     S     O     N     D

19

24
9


16

27
11


9

34
17


6

39
23


10

42
27


85

40
29


300

34
26


308

33
26


190

33
25


40

33
21


12

30
14


3

25
9
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: IMD
[show]Imperial conversion
J     F     M     A     M     J     J     A     S     O     N     D

0.7

74
48


0.6

81
52


0.4

92
62


0.2

103
73


0.4

108
80


3.3

104
83


12

93
80


12

91
78


7.5

92
76


1.6

92
69


0.5

85
57


0.1

77
49
Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches

Allahabad has the humid subtropical climate common to cities in north-central India. Allahabad experiences three seasons: hot dry summer, cool dry winter and warm humid monsoon. Summer lasts from April to June with maximum temperatures ranging from 40 °C (104 °F) to 45 °C (113 °F). Monsoon begins in early July and lasts till September. Winter lasts from December to February. Temperatures rarely drop to the freezing point. Maximum temperatures are around 22 °C (72 °F) and minimum around 10 °C (50 °F). Allahabad also witnesses severe fog in January resulting in massive traffic and travel delays. It does not snow in Allahabad.

Lowest temperature recorded, −2 °C (28 °F); highest 48 °C (118 °F).[6]
[edit] Civic administration

Municipal Corporation of Allahabad (also called Allahabad Nagar Nigam), is one of the old municipalities of the state. The corporation came into existence in 1864,[7] when Lucknow Municipal Act was passed by Government of India. City municipal area is divided in total 80 wards and a member (the Corporator) from each ward is elected to form the Municipal Committee.[8] The Corporators elect the Mayor of city. The chief executive is the Commissioner of Allahabad who is appointed by the state government.
[edit] Cityscape
Question book-new.svg     This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.
Allahabad city view from top
Anand Bhavan, a large mansion which once belonged to the Nehru-Gandhi family, is now owned by the Government and has been converted into a museum.

Allahabad is situated at the confluence of the Ganges and Yamuna rivers. It occupies a large area and is an inland peninsula surrounded by rivers on three sides with only one side connected to the mainland. To handle growing traffic and connectivity demands, Allahabad has many bridges crossing the rivers Ganges and Yamuna.

The urban area can be divided into three categories:

   1. The old city is the economic center of city. This is a high density area where major roads are used as transport corridors as well as market streets.
   2. The newer city around civil lines area was conceived during British rule. This area is well planned on a gridiron road pattern with additional diagonal roads. It is a low density area with wide tree-lined avenues. It houses major educational institutions, the High Court, Uttar Pradesh public service commission, offices, gardens and cantonment areas. It also has shopping malls and multiplexes.
   3. The outer growth areas include satellite towns along major highways passing through cities. They includes city areas across the Ganges and Yamuna, like Naini, Jhunsi and Phaphamau.

It also has an Allopathic Medical College, a Homeopathic Medical College, an Unani and two Ayurvedic Medical Colleges.
Allahabad high court is the fourth oldest high court of India and also one of the biggest.
[edit] Places
Question book-new.svg     This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

Some places of interest in Allahabad are:

    * Sangam and surroundings, particularly in December to February, when Kumbh Mela, Magh Mela is underway.
    * Anand Bhavan.
    * Cosmic Safari in Jawahar Planetarium.
    * Allahabad Fort It was built by Emperor Akbar in 1583. The fort stands on the banks of the Yamuna near the site of confluence with the river Ganges. It is the largest fort built by Akbar. Inside the fort there is the Zenana, Palace of Mariam-uz-Zamani and the 3rd century BC Ashoka pillar. Allahabad Fort is the location of the much revered Akshayavat or "immortal tree."